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- <text id=89TT2033>
- <title>
- Aug. 07, 1989: Soviet Union:Riding A Dangerous Wave
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Aug. 07, 1989 Diane Sawyer:Is She Worth It?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 27
- SOVIET UNION
- Riding a Dangerous Wave
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Gorbachev keeps his balance, but the sea is getting rougher
- </p>
- <p> The image is gripping: Mikhail Gorbachev as the daring
- surfer, nimbly sliding across a wave, vanishing into the spume,
- only to reappear, confidently using the giant comber looming
- over him to increase his speed. That is the Soviet President's
- way with crises. He seems to react to them faster than any of
- his rivals, skillfully turning them into vehicles to help
- accelerate his perestroika program and bolster his crusade
- against the immobile bureaucracy. Gorbachev's adroitness at
- converting danger into momentum is a high-risk performance that
- can make onlookers hold their breath as they wonder how long the
- daring rider can survive.
- </p>
- <p> Last week the Soviet leader managed to keep his balance
- atop a couple of spectacularly unpredictable waves. The last of
- some 300,000 striking coal miners, whose walkout at one point
- threatened to spread to rail workers and paralyze the vast
- Soviet Union, returned to their pits, mollified by a package of
- raises, consumer goods and political reform carrying no official
- price tag but estimated at $8 billion. In a dramatic bow to the
- intense nationalism of the Baltic republics, which were annexed
- by the Soviet Union in 1940, the Supreme Soviet, led by
- Gorbachev, approved a resolution endorsing plans to allow
- Lithuania and Estonia to manage their own economies freely,
- outside the control of central planners in Moscow. Baltic
- economists say they intend to develop Western-style market
- economies similar to those in Scandinavia, based on light
- industry and agriculture and free to sell or barter with other
- Soviet republics or foreign countries.
- </p>
- <p> This unprecedented loosening of central authority is a bold
- but risky attempt by Gorbachev to deal with the surging tide of
- nationalism; he has had trouble riding that particular wave in
- recent months. While Baltic representatives acknowledged that
- their economies could not yet survive under full independence,
- some of the more extreme Baltic nationalists hope last week's
- action will ultimately lead to actual secession from the Soviet
- Union. The Supreme Soviet seems powerfully aware of the danger.
- Although the enabling laws granting autonomy to the republics
- will not be submitted to the Parliament until October, other
- aggrieved national groups are already eyeing the same reward.
- Delegates from the Ukraine have expressed interest in the
- proposal, and Moscow Deputy Fyodor Burlatsky suggested that the
- "historic" experiment on the Baltic might provide a model for
- all 15 Soviet republics.
- </p>
- <p> As he so often does in tense times, Gorbachev last week
- portrayed himself as both head of the government and leader of
- the opposition. When he saw the striking miners "taking matters
- completely into their own hands," he said on national
- television, he concluded that there was a lesson for Moscow in
- the situation: "We have to carry out perestroika more
- decisively." He amended a decision to delay local government
- elections and said the country's republics could hold them
- whenever they wish.
- </p>
- <p> "Perestroika is a revolution," Gorbachev insists, and only
- two weeks ago he warned a meeting of top Communist Party leaders
- that any official at any level who was not prepared to man the
- barricades would be purged. He had already proved his
- seriousness by ousting Leningrad party chief Yuri Solovyov and
- attacking the party organization there for "chewing the same
- stale gum" and resisting reform.
- </p>
- <p> Of all the threats to Gorbachev and his program, one of the
- most immediate comes from the conservative faction inside the
- party. Gorbachev has been chipping away at the conservatives
- since he took power 4 1/2 years ago, and now sometimes gives
- the impression that he is willing to destroy the party in order
- to save it. By creating a new legislature and making himself
- head of state, he has built a fallback power center from which
- he can bombard the party's hard-liners and, if necessary, defend
- against their counterattacks.
- </p>
- <p> Nor are the hard-liners the only threats to his position.
- If workers from other large industries take inspiration from the
- coal miners' success, as Gorbachev said he has, they could swamp
- the economy with a tidal wave of strikes. And with estimates
- that the budget deficit is already running about $160 billion
- and production growing by only 2.5% instead of the hoped-for 6%,
- Moscow would be hard-pressed to make more payouts like the one
- it gave the miners. Perestroika might make strikes more likely,
- since reform will eventually entail decontrolling prices and
- closing inefficient factories, measures that workers are likely
- to fight.
- </p>
- <p> Also worrisome to Gorbachev may be the workers'
- determination to become a force in upcoming union and local
- elections. Gorbachev says he wants to keep them inside
- officially sponsored organizations, urging their leaders to
- "think over what happened and what to do to make sure unions
- carry out their role." In spite of his efforts, though, he could
- find himself nursing the birth of an independent union movement
- like Solidarity, which has remade Poland's government and
- politics.
- </p>
- <p> Democracy is an innovation in the Soviet Union. The leaders
- and the led are inventing it as they go along. But at the top
- it is essentially a one-man show: Gorbachev handles everything
- from party conclaves and press conferences to Supreme Soviet
- sessions to meetings with a stream of foreign visitors. He has
- looked red-eyed and weary on recent trips to London and Paris,
- and last week it was reported that he went for three nights
- without sleep because of the endless meetings. Gorbachev is
- under terrific pressure to produce the goods, literally, before
- his time runs out. Many Soviet experts in Europe and Washington
- predict that he has less than two years to complete his reforms
- and get the store shelves filled with the things his workers
- want to buy. If Gorbachev fails, his audacious political
- rendition of Surfin' U.S.S.R. could suffer the fate that wave
- riders most dread: a wipeout.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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